Video clip object tracking

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a method for rendering a three-dimensional virtual object in a video clip. The method and system include capturing, using a camera-enabled device, video content of a real-world scene and movement information collected by the camera-enabled device during capture of the video content. The captured video and movement information are stored. The stored captured video content is processed to identify a real-world object in the scene. An interactive augmented reality display is generated that: adds a virtual object to the stored video content to create augmented video content comprising the real-world scene and the virtual object and adjusts, during playback of the augmented video content, an on-screen position of the virtual object within the augmented video content based at least in part on the stored movement information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/242,708, filed on Jan. 8, 2019, which claims the benefit of priorityof Samuel Edward Hare et al., U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/725,058, entitled “VIDEO CLIP OBJECT TRACKING,” filed on Aug. 30,2018, the entireties of each of which are hereby incorporated byreference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to visual presentations andmore particularly to rendering virtual modifications to surfaces inreal-world environments.

BACKGROUND

Virtual rendering systems can be used to create engaging andentertaining augmented reality experiences, in which three-dimensionalvirtual object graphics content appears to be present in the real-world.Such systems can be subject to presentation problems due toenvironmental conditions, user actions, unanticipated visualinterruption between a camera and the object being rendered, and thelike. This can cause a virtual object to disappear or otherwise behaveerratically, which breaks the illusion of the virtual objects beingpresent in the real-world.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. To easily identifythe discussion of any particular element or act, the most significantdigit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number inwhich that element is first introduced. Some embodiments are illustratedby way of example, and not limitation, in the figures of theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network,according to example embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding amessaging system, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data which may be stored inthe database of the messaging server system, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a messagegenerated by a messaging client application for communication, accordingto example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example access-limitingprocess, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeralmessage, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a contentcollection (e.g., an ephemeral message story) may be time-limited (e.g.,made ephemeral), according to example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating various components of anaugmented reality system, according to example embodiments.

FIGS. 7A-B and 8 are flowcharts illustrating example operations of theaugmented reality system in performing a process for rendering a virtualobject in a video clip, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating example operations of the augmentedreality system in performing a process for tracking an object renderedin a video clip, according to example embodiments.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are diagrams depicting an object rendered within athree-dimensional space by an augmented reality system, according toexample embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a representative softwarearchitecture, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine able toread instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., amachine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein, according to example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art,that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Ingeneral, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, andtechniques are not necessarily shown in detail.

Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure improve thefunctionality of electronic messaging and imaging software and systemsby rendering a virtual object (e.g., a three-dimensional object, such asa 3D caption, emoji, character, avatar, animation, looping animation ofa personalized avatar or character, looping or non-looping animatedgraphic such as a dancing hot dog, a stylized word with animation andparticles effects, etc.) and effects as if it exists in a real-worldscene containing real-world objects featured in a video clip. In someembodiments, one such virtual object is selected by a user and added tothe video clip to provide the illusion that the selected virtual objectis part of the real-world scene. In some embodiments, placement andpositioning of the selected virtual object is dynamically adjustedrelative to real-world objects in the video clip, as the video clipplays, to maintain the illusion that the virtual object is part of thereal-world scene. In order to dynamically, adjust the placement andpositioning of the virtual object relative to the real-world objects inthe scene, sensor information (e.g., accelerometer sensor information,GPS sensor information, imaging sensor information, etc.), that has beencaptured together with the video clip, is utilized in conjunction withimage processing. In particular, the sensor information in combinationwith image processing allows the system to process the video clip toidentify and track positions of real-world objects throughout the clipin order to determine and adjust the position of the virtual objectrelative to those real-world objects.

In order to increase efficiency and reduce overall lag, the timing forwhen the sensor and image processing of the video clip is performed isdetermined based on user interactions. In particular, the sensor andimage processing of the video clip can be delayed until an initial userrequest to modify the video clip is received and before the user selectsthe given virtual object. The delaying of the processing of the videoclip until the initial user request is received avoids unnecessary lagin processing of the video clip during capture or while performing otheroperations. In addition, processing the video clip before a user selectsa given virtual object to add to the video clip avoids having to performsuch processing as the user manipulates the virtual object within thevideo clip. This enables the user to smoothly modify a position andorientation of the virtual object in the video clip and immediatelypreview or see the video clip with the included virtual object fromstart to finish with little or no wait time.

For example, after the video clip is captured, a user can preview thevideo clip and can attach (e.g., pin or anchor) the virtual object to areal-world object featured in the frame. If the user attaches thevirtual object to a moving real-world object, the virtual object followsthe position of the moving real-world object throughout the clip. Thiscan be thought of as pinning a virtual hat to a person's head featuredin the video clip. As the person walks around the scene in view, thevirtual hat appears to stay on the person's head. If the user attachesthe virtual object to a stationary real-world object, the virtual objectremains at the same position as the camera angle changes throughout theclip. This can be thought of as anchoring a virtual tree to sand on abeach featured in the video clip. As the camera view/angle changes(e.g., pans from left to right, up to down, down to up, or right toleft, or is moved in any other direction), the sand moves into and outof view in the scene together with the virtual tree. After attaching thevirtual object to the real-world object in the video clip, the videoclip repeatedly plays from start to finish featuring the virtual objectand can be shared with other users.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network106. The messaging system 100 includes multiple client devices 102, eachof which hosts a number of applications including a messaging clientapplication 104. Each messaging client application 104 iscommunicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging clientapplication 104 and a messaging server system 108 via a network 106(e.g., the Internet).

Accordingly, each messaging client application 104 is able tocommunicate and exchange data with another messaging client application104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 106. Thedata exchanged between messaging client applications 104, and between amessaging client application 104 and the messaging server system 108,includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well aspayload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104. Whilecertain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein asbeing performed by either a messaging client application 104 or by themessaging server system 108, it will be appreciated that the location ofcertain functionality either within the messaging client application 104or the messaging server system 108 is a design choice. For example, itmay be technically preferable to initially deploy, certain technologyand functionality within the messaging server system 108, but to latermigrate this technology and functionality to the messaging clientapplication 104 where a client device 102 has a sufficient processingcapacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client application 104. Suchoperations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, andprocessing data generated by the messaging client application 104. Thisdata may include message content, client device information, geolocationinformation, media annotation and overlays, virtual objects, messagecontent persistence conditions, social network information, and liveevent information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messagingsystem 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available viauser interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client application 104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, anApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, andprovides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. Theapplication server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored dataassociated with messages processed by the application server 112.

Dealing specifically with the API server 110, this server receives andtransmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between theclient device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, the APIserver 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols)that can be called or queried by the messaging client application 104 inorder to invoke functionality of the application server 112. The APIserver 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server112, including account registration, login functionality, the sending ofmessages, via the application server 112, from a particular messagingclient application 104 to another messaging client application 104, thesending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging clientapplication 104 to the messaging server application 114, and forpossible access by another messaging client application 104, the settingof a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of suchcollections, the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a clientdevice 102, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding anddeleting of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within asocial graph, opening an application event (e.g., relating to themessaging client application 104).

The application server 112 hosts a number of applications andsubsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an imageprocessing system 116, a social network system 122, an augmented realitysystem 124, and a preview generation system 125, The messaging serverapplication 114 implements a number of message processing technologiesand functions, particularly related to the aggregation and otherprocessing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included inmessages received from multiple instances of the messaging clientapplication 104. As will be described in further detail, the text andmedia content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collectionsof content (e.g., called stories or galleries). These collections arethen made available, by the messaging server application 114, to themessaging client application 104. Other processor- and memory-intensiveprocessing of data may also be performed server-side by the messagingserver application 114, in view of the hardware requirements for suchprocessing.

The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video received within the payload ofa message at the messaging server application 114.

The social network system 122 supports various social networkingfunctions and services, and makes these functions and services availableto the messaging server application 114. To this end, the social networksystem 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph within the database120. Examples of functions and services supported by the social networksystem 122 include the identification of other users of the messagingsystem 100 with which a particular user has relationships or is“following,” and also the identification of other entities and interestsof a particular user.

The augmented reality system 124 provides functionality to generate,display, and track virtual objects at positions relative to the clientdevice 102, within a three-dimensional space or at positions relative toreal-world objects featured in a real-world scene of a video clip withina three-dimensional space. The augmented reality system 124 comprises aset of tracking subsystems configured to track the virtual object at theposition in three-dimensional space based on a set of tracking indiciawhich may have been stored and associated with the video clip, andtransition between tracking subsystems. The augmented reality system 124may further transition between tracking with six degrees of freedom(6DoF) and tracking with three degrees of freedom (3DoF) based on anavailability of the tracking indicia stored for the video clip.

The preview generation system 125 provides functionality to generatevideo clips. The preview generation system 125 communicates with acamera of the client device 102 and one or more sensors of the clientdevice 102 (e.g., GPS sensors, inertial measurement sensor, etc.). Thepreview generation system 125 receives a user request to initiaterecording of video from the client device 102. The user request may bean input that specifies the length of a video, in which case the previewgeneration system 125 captures a video segment of a real-world scenehaving the specified length (e.g., 3-5 seconds). The user request mayinclude a first input that starts a recording session and a second inputthat later stops the recording session. In this case, the previewgeneration system 125 captures a video segment of a real-world scenestarting when the first input is received and ending when the secondinput is received. While the preview generation system 125 captures andstores the video footage from the camera of the client device 102, thepreview generation system 125 also captures and stores the sensorinformation from the client device 102 associated with the recordingsession. For example, the preview generation system 125 may store someor all of the sensor information obtained from client device 102 foreach frame of the video clip (e.g., using one or more of the describedtracking subsystems).

After the video clip is captured by the preview generation system 125,the preview generation system 125 presents the video clip to the user ina preview mode of operation on client device 102. In this mode, thevideo clip runs repeatedly from beginning to end such that when the endpoint of the video clip is reached, the video starts playing againautomatically from the beginning. The user can interact with the videoclip being presented at any time to modify the video clip using theclient device 102. For example, at any point during playback of thevideo clip, the user can issue a request to the preview generationsystem 125 to add a virtual object to the video clip (e.g., the user canrequest to attach (anchor or pin) the virtual object to a real-worldobject in the video clip). In such circumstances, the preview generationsystem 125 communicates with the augmented reality system 124 to modifythe video clip using the virtual object based on the sensor informationstored with the video clip. As described further below, in someimplementations, the preview generation system 125 may provide the videoclip content and the sensor information to the augmented reality system124 to leverage one or more components of the augmented reality system124 to track positions of one or more real-world objects relative to theadded virtual object.

The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a databaseserver 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which isstored data associated with messages processed by the messaging serverapplication 114.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to example embodiments. Specifically,the messaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging clientapplication 104 and the application server 112, which in turn embody anumber of some subsystems, namely an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204, and an annotation system 206.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary access to content permitted by the messaging clientapplication 104 and the messaging server application 114. To this end,the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that,based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, orcollection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively display and enableaccess to messages and associated content via the messaging clientapplication 104. Further details regarding the operation of theephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managingcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image, video, and audiodata). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages,including images, video, video clips, video clips combined with virtualobjects, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an“event story,” Such a collection may be made available for a specifiedtime period, such as the duration of an event to which the contentrelates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be madeavailable as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. Thecollection management system 204 may also be responsible for publishingan icon that provides notification of the existence of a particularcollection to the user interface of the messaging client application104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 208 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certainembodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion ofuser-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the curationinterface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users forthe use of their content.

The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a userto annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with amessage. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functionsrelated to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messagesprocessed by the messaging system 100. The annotation system 206operatively supplies a media overlay (e.g., a filter) to the messagingclient application 104 based on a geolocation of the client device 102.In another example, the annotation system 206 operatively supplies amedia overlay to the messaging client application 104 based on otherinformation, such as social network information of the user of theclient device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual contentand visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content includepictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects, An example of avisual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content orthe visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., aphoto) at the client device 102. For example, the media overlayincluding text that can be overlaid on top of a photograph generated bythe client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes anidentification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of alive event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House).In another example, the annotation system 206 uses the geolocation ofthe client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the nameof a merchant at the geolocation of the client device 102. The mediaoverlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. Themedia overlays may be stored in the database 120 and accessed throughthe database server 118.

In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides auser-based publication platform that enables users to select ageolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selectedgeolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which aparticular media overlay should be offered to other users. Theannotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes theuploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selectedgeolocation.

In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides amerchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select aparticular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a biddingprocess. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the mediaoverlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocationfor a predefined amount of time

In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 communicateswith the augmented reality system 124 and preview generation system 125to enable a user to add a virtual object to a video clip. The user caninstruct annotation system 206 to access a video clip in a preview modeof operation from the preview generation system 125 and to select amedia overlay that includes the virtual object to attach to a real-worldobject featured at a user-designated point in time or frame of the videoclip. The annotation system 206 communicates with the augmented realitysystem 124 to identify the real-world object and its positioninformation throughout the video clip based on previously stored sensorinformation associated with the video clip. The annotation system 206adds the selected virtual object and modifies its position throughoutthe video clip relative to the real-world object as the video cliprepeatedly plays back from beginning to end. The modified video clipwith the added virtual object is stored by the annotation system 206 andcan be uploaded for sharing with other users.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 300 illustrating data, which may be storedin the database 120 of the messaging server system 108, according tocertain example embodiments. While the content of the database 120 isshown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that thedata could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as anobject-oriented database).

The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table314. An entity table 302 stores entity data, including an entity graph304. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table302 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects,places, events, and so forth. Regardless of type, any entity regardingwhich the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognizedentity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as anentity type identifier (not shown).

The entity graph 304 furthermore stores information regardingrelationships and associations between entities. Such relationships maybe social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation ororganization), interest-based, or activity-based, merely for example.

The database 120 also stores annotation data, in the example form offilters, in an annotation table 312. Database 120 also stores annotatedcontent (e.g., modified video clips with virtual objects) received fromannotation system 206 and/or from preview generation system 125 in theannotation table 312. Filters for which data is stored within theannotation table 312 are associated with and applied to videos (forwhich data is stored in a video table 310) and/or images (for which datais stored in an image table 308). Filters, in one example, are overlaysthat are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentationto a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, includinguser-selected filters from a gallery of filters presented to a sendinguser by the messaging client application 104 when the sending user iscomposing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters(also known as geofilters) which may be presented to a sending userbased on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specificto a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a userinterface by the messaging client application 104, based on geolocationinformation determined by a Global Positioning System ((IPS) unit of theclient device 102. Another type of filter is a data filter, which may beselectively presented to a sending user by the messaging clientapplication 104, based on other inputs or information gathered by theclient device 102 during the message creation process. Examples of datafilters include current temperature at a specific location, a currentspeed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a clientdevice 102, or the current time.

Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table 308 isso-called “lens” data. A “lens” may be a real-time special effect andsound that may be added to an image or a video. In some cases, thevirtual object added to a clip is stored as part of the lens data.

As mentioned above, the video table 310 stores video data which, in oneembodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 314. Similarly, the image table 308 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 302. The entity table 302 may associate variousannotations from the annotation table 312 with various images and videosstored in the image table 308 and the video table 310. In some cases,video table 310 stores video clips of real-world scenes modified withthe addition of virtual objects provided by annotation system 312 usingpreview generation system 125 and augmented reality system 124.

A story table 306 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 302). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the UI of themessaging client application 104 may include an icon that isuser-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to hisor her personal story. The UI of the messaging client application 104may include selectable options to enable a sending user to add amodified video clip that has a virtual object to his or her personalstory.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom various locations and events. Users whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via auser interface of the messaging client application 104, to contributecontent to a particular live story. The live story may be identified tothe user by the messaging client application 104, based on his or herlocation. The end result is a “live story” told from a communityperspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,”which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400,according to some embodiments, generated by a messaging clientapplication 104 for communication to a further messaging clientapplication 104 or the messaging server application 114. The content ofa particular message 400 is used to populate the message table 314stored within the database 120, accessible by the messaging serverapplication 114. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is stored inmemory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102 orthe application server 112. The message 400 is shown to include thefollowing components:

-   -   A message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies        the message 400.    -   A message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via        a user interface of the client device 102 and that is included        in the message 400.    -   A message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera        component of a client device 102 or retrieved from memory of a        client device 102, and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera        component or retrieved from a memory component of the client        device 102 and that is included in the message 400. In some        cases, video payload 408 may include a video clip of a        real-world scene modified with the addition of a virtual object        attached (anchored or pinned) to a given real-world object        featured in the real-world scene.    -   A message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a        microphone or retrieved from the memory component of the client        device 102, and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message annotations 412: annotation data (e.g., filters,        stickers or other enhancements) that represents annotations to        be applied to message image payload 406, message video payload        408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.    -   A message duration parameter 414: parameter value indicating, in        seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message        (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408,        message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible        to a user via the messaging client application 104.    -   A message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g.,        latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the        content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation        parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, with each        of these parameter values being associated with respect to        content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image        within the message image payload 406, or a specific video in the        message video payload 408).    -   A message story identifier 418: identifier value identifying one        or more content collections (e.g., “stories”) with which a        particular content item in the message image payload 406 of the        message 400 is associated. For example, multiple images within        the message image payload 406 may each be associated with        multiple content collections using identifier values.    -   A message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple        tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of        content included in the message payload. For example, where a        particular image included in the message image payload 406        depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included        within the message tag 420 that is indicative of the relevant        animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user        input, or may be automatically generated using, for example,        image recognition.    -   A message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address, or device        identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 on        which the message 400 was generated and from which the message        400 was sent.    -   A message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address or device identifier)        indicative of a user of the client device 102 to which the        message 400 is addressed.

The contents e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 308.Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to datastored within a video table 310, values stored within the messageannotations 412 may point to data stored in an annotation table 312,values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to datastored in a story table 306, and values stored within the message senderidentifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to userrecords stored within an entity table 302.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process500, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message502, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection(e.g., an ephemeral message story 504), may be time-limited (e.g., madeephemeral).

An ephemeral message 502 is shown to be associated with a messageduration parameter 506, the value of which determines an amount of timethat the ephemeral message 502 will be displayed to a receiving user ofthe ephemeral message 502 by the messaging client application 104. Inone embodiment, where the messaging client application 104 is aapplication client, an ephemeral message 502 is viewable by a receivinguser for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of timethat the sending user specifies using the message duration parameter506.

The message duration parameter 506 and the message receiver identifier424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 512, which is responsiblefor determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message 502 isshown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiveridentifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 502 will only beshown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by thevalue of the message duration parameter 506. The message timer 512 isshown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content(e.g., an ephemeral message 502) to a receiving user.

The ephemeral message 502 is shown in FIG. 5 to be included within anephemeral message story 504 (e.g., a personal story, or an event story).The ephemeral message story 504 has an associated story durationparameter 508, a value of which determines a time-duration for which theephemeral message story 504 is presented and accessible to users of themessaging system 100. The story duration parameter 508, for example, maybe the duration of a music concert, where the ephemeral message story504 is a collection of content pertaining to that concert.Alternatively, a user (either the owning user or a curator user) mayspecify the value for the story duration parameter 508 when performingthe setup and creation of the ephemeral message story 504.

Additionally, each ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral messagestory 504 has an associated story participation parameter 510, a valueof which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message502 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message story504. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message story 504 may “expire”and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral messagestory 504, prior to the ephemeral message story 504 itself expiring interms of the story duration parameter 508. The story duration parameter508, story participation parameter 510, and message receiver identifier424 each provides input to a story timer 514, which operationallydetermines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message 502 of theephemeral message story 504 will be displayed to a particular receivinguser and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message story 504is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as aresult of the message receiver identifier 424.

Accordingly, the story timer 514 operationally controls the overalllifespan of an associated ephemeral message story 504, as well as anindividual ephemeral message 502 included in the ephemeral message story504. In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message 502 within theephemeral message story 504 remains viewable and accessible for atime-period specified by the story duration parameter 508. In a furtherembodiment, a certain ephemeral message 502 may expire, within thecontext of ephemeral message story 504, based on a story participationparameter 510. Note that a message duration parameter 506 may stilldetermine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message502 is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of theephemeral message story 504. Accordingly, the message duration parameter506 determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message502 is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether thereceiving user is viewing that ephemeral message 502 inside or outsidethe context of an ephemeral message story 504.

The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove aparticular ephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated storyparticipation parameter 510. For example, when a sending user hasestablished a story participation parameter 510 of 24 hours fromposting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevantephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504 after thespecified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 also operates toremove an ephemeral message story 504 either when the storyparticipation parameter 510 for each and every ephemeral message 502within the ephemeral message story 504 has expired, or when theephemeral message story 504 itself has expired in terms of the storyduration parameter 508.

In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message story504 may specify an indefinite story duration parameter 508. In thiscase, the expiration of the story participation parameter 510 for thelast remaining ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story504 will determine when the ephemeral message story 504 itself expires.In this case, a new ephemeral message 502, added to the ephemeralmessage story 504, with a new story participation parameter 510,effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message story 504 to equalthe value of the story participation parameter 510.

Responsive to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that anephemeral message story 504 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible),the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system100 (and, for example, specifically the messaging client application104) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevantephemeral message story 504 to no longer be displayed within a userinterface of the messaging client application 104. Similarly, when theephemeral timer system 202 determines that the message durationparameter 506 for a particular ephemeral message 502 has expired, theephemeral timer system 202 causes the messaging client application 104to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textualidentification) associated with the ephemeral message 502.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating functional components of theaugmented reality system 124 that configure the augmented reality system124 to render virtual modifications to a three-dimensional spacedepicted in a video clip. For example, augmented reality system 124renders virtual modifications to real-world surfaces in thethree-dimensional space and renders virtual objects within thethree-dimensional space. As shown in FIG. 6 , augmented reality system124 includes a rendering module 602, a tracking module 604, a disruptiondetection module 606, an object template module 608, and processors 610.In some example embodiments, the tracking module 604 may comprise afirst tracking sub-system 604A, a second tracking sub-system 604B, and athird tracking sub-system 604C, wherein each tracking sub-system tracksthe position of the virtual object within the three-dimensional space ofa real-world object in a video clip based on a set of tracking indiciastored and associated with the video clip. The tracking indicia isobtained and stored from/on client device 102 while the camera of theclient device 102 captures the video clip. In cases where the augmentedreality system 124 is used to modify a video clip, the tracking indiciaincludes any collection of sensor information associated with the videoclip as obtained from the preview generation system 125. The variouscomponents of the augmented reality system 124 may be configured tocommunicate with each other (e.g., via a bus, shared memory, or aswitch). Although not illustrated in FIG. 6 , in some embodiments, theaugmented reality system 124 may include or may be in communication witha camera configured to produce a live camera feed comprising image datathat includes a sequence of images (e.g., a video).

Any one or more of the components described may be implemented usinghardware alone (e.g., one or more of the processors 610 of a machine) ora combination of hardware and software. For example, any componentdescribed of the augmented reality system 124 may physically include anarrangement of one or more of the processors 610 (e.g., a subset of oramong the one or more processors of the machine) configured to performthe operations described herein for that component. As another example,any component of the augmented reality system 124 may include software,hardware, or both, that configure an arrangement of one or moreprocessors 610 (e.g., among the one or more processors of the machine)to perform the operations described herein for that component.Accordingly, different components of the augmented reality system 124may include and configure different arrangements of such processors 610or a single arrangement of such processors 610 at different points intime.

Moreover, any two or more components of the augmented reality system 124(or components of preview generation system 125) may be combined into asingle component, and the functions described herein for a singlecomponent may be subdivided among multiple components. Furthermore,according to various example embodiments, components described herein asbeing implemented within a single machine, database, or device may bedistributed across multiple machines, databases, or devices.

Tracking systems are subject to frequent tracking failure due toenvironmental conditions, user actions, unanticipated visualinterruption between camera and object/scene being tracked, and soforth. Traditionally, such tracking failures would cause a disruption inthe presentation of virtual objects in a three-dimensional space. Forexample, the virtual objects may disappear or otherwise behaveerratically, thereby interrupting the illusion of the virtual objectbeing presented within the three-dimensional space of a video. Thisundermines the perceived quality of the three-dimensional experience asa whole.

Traditional tracking systems rely on delivery of sensor informationreceived in real-time from a device in a single approach (NaturalFeature Tracking (NFT), Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM),Gyroscopic, etc.) to track an object in video as the video is beingcaptured to enable a user to add virtual objects to a live scene. Suchsensor information is not typically available for videos that have beenpreviously captured. These systems leverage camera and motion sensorinput data on-the-fly in augmented reality and force the user tointeract with virtual objects only in the live moment as the video isbeing captured. These approaches significantly impact battery usage onthe end-user and restrict application developers from configuringvarious parameters like exposure rate, white balance, camera gain, etc.,which degrades the quality of the resulting footage if such footage iscaptured.

The augmented reality system 124 storing tracking indicia together withthe video clip as the video clip is being captured provides a solutionto this problem that enables the user to add a virtual object to a scenein the video clip after the video clip has been captured. The augmentedreality system 124, comprising multiple redundant tracking sub-systems604A-C that enable seamless transitions between such trackingsub-systems, obtains sensor information from multiple trackingapproaches stored while a video clip was captured and merges suchmultiple tracking approach sensor information into a single trackingsystem. This system is able to combine tracking virtual objects with6DoF and 3DoF through combining and transitioning between stored sensorinformation from multiple tracking systems based on the availability oftracking indicia tracked by the tracking systems and/or stored by thepreview generation system 125. As the indicia tracked by any onetracking sub-system becomes unavailable during capture of the video clipand therefore is not stored for the video clip, the augmented realitysystem 124 seamlessly switches between tracking in 6DoF and 3DoF,thereby providing the user with an uninterrupted experience. Forexample, in the case of visual tracking systems (e.g., NFT, SLAM),tracking indicia typically analyzed to determine orientation may bereplaced with gyroscopic tracking indicia from a gyroscopic trackingsystem. This would thereby enable transitioning between tracking in 6Dofand 3DoF based on the availability of tracking indicia.

In some example embodiments, to transition between tracking in 6DoF and3DoF, the augmented reality system 124 gathers and stores trackingindicia within a tracking matrix that includes translation indicia(e.g., up, down, left, right) and rotation indicia (e.g., pitch, yaw,roll). The translation indicia gathered by an NFT system may thereby beextracted from the tracking matrix and utilized when future translationindicia gathered by the NTT system become inaccurate or unavailable. Inthe meantime, the rotation indicia continues to be provided by thegyroscope. In this way, when the mobile device loses tracking indicia,the tracked objects that are presented in the three-dimensional spacewill not be changed abruptly at the frame when the tracking indicia arelost. Subsequently, when the target tracking object reappears in thescreen, and a new translation T₁ is obtained, the translation part ofthe view matrix will then be taking advantage of the new translation T₁,and use T₁-T₀ as the translation of the view matrix.

FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating example operations of the augmentedreality system 124 in performing a process 700 for rendering a virtualobject in a video clip. The process 700 may be embodied incomputer-readable instructions for execution by one or more processorssuch that the operations of the process 700 may be performed in part orin whole by the functional components of the augmented reality system124; accordingly, the process 700 is described below by way of examplewith reference thereto. However, in other embodiments at least some ofthe operations of the process 700 may be deployed on various otherhardware configurations. The process 700 is therefore not intended to belimited to the augmented reality system 124. Process 700 may beperformed by the augmented reality system 124 to capture the necessarydevice motion and camera frame information for enabling the addition ofa virtual object to a video clip to provide the illusion oflive-camera-like information environment for the added virtual object atthe time of playback of the video clip.

At operation 711, a media capture component is activated. For example, auser of a mobile device may turn on the camera to begin capturing areal-world scene video, and in response, the image processing system 116may be activated and/or the camera capture device on the user's mobiledevice may be activated. In an example, a video clip may be generated inresponse to activating the camera.

At operation 712, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) information capturecomponent is activated. For example, tracking module 604 (FIG. 6 ) maybe activated to obtain sensor information from the mobile device whilethe video clip is being captured. In an example, the IMU informationcapture component may be activated and left idle in the background whenthe media capture component is activated. When the user initiates videocapture, a message to start capturing IMU data in the background isprovided to the IMU capture component from the media capture component.At this point, the process proceeds to step 713 to determine the deviceclassification.

At operation 713, a device classification is determined. For example,augmented reality system 124 may check whether the mobile device beingused to capture the video clip is high-end or low-end. In some examples,high-end devices may include any device with advance video processingcapabilities that include sensor processing components that are notavailable or not implemented by low-end devices.

At operation 714, in response to determining that the device is ahigh-end device, preprocessed motion information is obtained. Atoperation 715, in response to determining that the device is a low-enddevice, raw IMU information is obtained. In particular, the orientationmatrix within the MU frame is kept optional based upon whetherpreprocessed motion information is used or not (e.g., based upon whetherthe device used to capture the video clip is high-end or low-end).

At operation 716, IMU frames are stored. For example, the motioninformation obtained at operation 714 or 715 is stored as a matrix in amotion storage device similar to the way in which video frames arestored in a video storage device. The IMU frames contain an orientationmatrix of the mobile device, raw accelerometer readings, raw gyroscopereadings and any other suitable sensor information available on themobile device along with timestamp in seconds.

At operation 717, IMU frames are retrieved in response to detecting useractivation of surface aware preview.

Referring back to FIG. 6 , the augmented reality system 124 isconfigured to render and display virtual objects at a position in athree-dimensional space added in a video clip. For example, theaugmented reality system 124 may maintain a set of templates to generatevirtual objects to be displayed in the video clip. Upon receiving aselection of a template from among the set of templates, and a selectionof a position in the video clip, the augmented reality system 124generates and assigns the virtual object to the position within thethree-dimensional space of the video clip.

The augmented reality system 124 may thereby track the position of thevirtual object relative to real-world objects in the video clip in thethree-dimensional space by one or more tracking systems in 6DoF. Forexample, the one or more tracking systems of the augmented realitysystem 124 may collect and analyze a set of tracking indicia (e.g.,roll, pitch, yaw, natural features, etc.) in order to track the positionof the virtual object relative to real-world objects in thethree-dimensional space with 6DoF. In such embodiments, the augmentedreality system 124 may transition between tracking systems based on theavailability of the tracked indicia to maintain consistent tracking in6DoF.

The augmented reality system 124 is configured to pair spatialaudio/music, in addition to or instead of a virtual object, with a videoclip. Such paired audio/music may have stereo properties of the additivesound change to match directional changes within the video clip. Forexample, a user can add audio/music to a real-world object (a person ortree) and as the camera angle in the video clip moves towards/away orpans left/right from the real-world object, the volume and direction ofthe sound of the added audio/music change to give the user the illusionthat the audio/music are also being moved toward/away or left/right fromthe camera.

Upon detecting an interruption of one or more indicia from among the setof indicia tracked, such that tracking in 6DoF becomes unreliable orimpossible, the augmented reality system 124 transitions to tracking thevirtual object in the three-dimensional space in 3DoF in order toprevent an interruption of the display. For example, the augmentedreality system 124 may transition from a first tracking system (or firstset of tracking systems among the set of tracking systems) to a secondtracking system among the set of tracking systems (or second set oftracking systems), wherein the second tracking system is capable oftracking the virtual object with 3DoF in the three-dimensional space,based on the tracking indicia available.

In some example embodiments, the set of tracking systems of theaugmented reality system 124 includes a gyroscopic tracking system, anNFT system, and well as a SLAM tracking system, Each tracking systemamong the set of tracking systems may analyze tracking indicia in orderto track a position of a virtual object within a three-dimensionalspace. For example, to track a virtual object with 6DoF, the augmentedreality system 124 may require at least six tracking indicia to beavailable. As tracking indicia become obstructed or unavailable forvarious reasons, the augmented reality system 124 may transition betweenthe available tracking systems among the set of tracking systems inorder to maintain 6DoF, or transition to 3DoF if necessary.

It will be readily appreciated that these augmented reality systems 124serve to provide consistent rendered virtual objects in real-worldthree-dimensional spaces in a wide variety of environments andsituations. In many applications it can be desirable to provide firmconsistency for the positions of these virtual objects within a videoclip of a real-world scene. This can involve the recognition and use ofa specific, fixed reference point (e.g., a fixed surface or object) inthe real-world scene.

To ensure firm consistency in the location of virtual objects,annotation data in the example form of a presentation “lens” that isspecific for the three-dimensional object tracking and rendering in avideo clip described herein may be employed. In particular, a surfaceaware preview 603 is a presentation lens that identifies and referencesa real-world surface (e.g., the ground or a moving object, such as aperson) for the consistent rendering and presentation of virtual objectsin the video clip. Surface aware preview 603 may be a presentation lensthat is activated when a user is previewing a given video clip andactivates a virtual object insertion feature by pressing a suitablebutton or swiping in a given direction across the screen or providingany other suitable input (verbal or gesture). As shown, the surfaceaware preview 603 can be a specific portion or submodule within arendering module 602 of an overall augmented reality, system 124, as setforth above. This surface aware preview 603 of the rendering module 602can be configured to recognize a reference surface based on frames ofthe video clip, and may also utilize other device inputs (e.g.,gyroscope, accelerometer, compass) to determine movement informationassociated with the reference surface depicted in the video clip. Insome implementations, the reference surface is a surface nearest to alocation on the screen where the user placed the virtual object, and inother implementations, the reference surface is a default surface (e.g.,an object in the center of the screen). Once the reference surface hasbeen determined, then virtual object rendering and surface modificationcan be accomplished with respect to that reference surface along withdynamic repositioning of the virtual object throughout the video clip.

In some embodiments, when the user activates the surface aware preview603 to add a virtual object to a video clip, augmented reality system124 determines whether preprocessed device motion data is available orraw MU data is available. Specifically, augmented reality system 124determines what type and quality of motion information is availablebased on the classification of the device used to capture the video clipand motion information. If raw IMU data is available, such data isfiltered to obtain device motion data. Each camera frame is decoded andsmoothed using an image processing component. In order to correlateinformation from the IMU frame with the information from the cameraframe (or video clip frame), bilinear interpolation of the two closestIMU frames is performed to generate a paired IMU frame for each cameraframe timestamp. In particular, the timestamps from the camera frame inthe video clip may not match the timestamps in the IMU frames. A closeapproximation of the IMU frames matching a given video clip frame may beprovided using the bilinear interpolation technique. The resulting IMUframe contains the 3DoF pose which provides the device orientation andacceleration data along with direction of gravity for each video frame.

The 3DoF pose along with the video clip frame is provided to a surfacetracking component of the augmented reality system 121 where features orkey points of interest in the video clip frame are extracted and trackedto determine the way they move across video clip frames fusing theorientation information from the 3DoF pose to generate a resulting 6DoFpose. Exemplary details of how this fusion can be performed is describedin Benezra et al. U.S. Pub. 2018/0061072, entitled “Systems and methodsfor simultaneous localization and mapping,” which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

The 6DoF pose from the surface tracking component is then provided torendering module 602 in order to position the camera such that thevirtual objects are rendered as if they were placed in the real-worldduring the original video capture. Rendering module 602 synchronizeschanges in the placement and post of the virtual object with changes inthe camera position and orientation in the captured scene.

In particular, the surface aware preview 603 may utilize objectrecognition to identify a set of real-world objects present in a frameof a video clip into which a user desires to add a virtual object.Surface aware preview 603 may draw circular, rectangular, or free-formboundaries around each of the identified real-world objects. Surfaceaware preview 603 may determine whether a location at which the virtualobject was added on the screen intersects or falls within a majority ofthe boundary surrounding a given real-world object. If the virtualobject location overlaps boundaries of two or more real-world objects,surface aware preview 603 may compute an amount of each boundary thevirtual object overlaps. Surface aware preview 603 may compare theamount of overlap of each of the real-world objects and select a targetreal-world object to track the real-world object with the greatestoverlap by the virtual object.

After surface aware preview 603 selects the target real-world object totrack, surface aware preview 603 tracks the position of the real-worldobject throughout the video clip. Surface aware preview 603 may utilizestored sensor information associated with each frame of the stored videoclip to determine the position of the real-world object. For example,surface aware preview 603 may determine that a position of the targetreal-world object changes throughout the video clip and that theaccelerometer and GPS information indicates that a position of thecamera, used to capture the video of the target real-world object, didnot change. Based on this information, surface aware preview 603 maydetermine the target real-world object is a moving object (e.g., aperson walking or car driving) in the video clip and is not a stationaryobject. In such circumstances, if the virtual object is attached (e.g.,pinned) to the moving object, surface aware preview 603 may modify theposition of the virtual object throughout the video clip to match themovement of the target real-world object (e.g., the position of thevirtual object can change in the same direction as the target real-worldobject and at the same rate at which the position of the real-worldobject changes).

In another example, surface aware preview 603 may determine that aposition of the target real-world object does not change throughout thevideo clip and that the accelerometer and (IPS information indicatesthat a position of the camera, used to capture the video of the targetreal-world object, changes. Based on this information, surface awarepreview 603 may determine that the target real-world object is astationary object. In this circumstance, if the virtual object isattached (e.g., anchored) to the target real-world object, the surfaceaware preview 603 may change the position of the virtual object inopposition to the changes of the camera. In particular, surface awarepreview 603 may determine that the camera pans to the right, causing thetarget real-world object to move to the left off of the screenthroughout the video clip. Surface aware preview 603 may compute therate at which the camera pans to the right, based on the sensorinformation stored with the video clip, and may change the position ofthe virtual object to the left at the same rate as the camera pans tothe right until the virtual object moves off of the screen together withthe target real-world object.

In another example, surface aware preview 603 may determine that aposition of the target real-world object changes throughout the videoclip and that the accelerometer and GPS information indicates that aposition of the camera, used to capture the video of the targetreal-world object, also changes. Based on this information, surfaceaware preview 603 may determine that the target real-world object is amoving object and is being captured by a camera that is also panningtowards or away from the real-world object. In this circumstance, if thevirtual object is attached to the target real-world object, the surfaceaware preview 603 may change the position of the virtual object inopposition to the changes of the camera and in accordance with themovement of the real-world object. In particular, surface aware preview603 may determine, based on the stored sensor information, that thecamera pans to the right faster than the target real-world object movestowards the same direction. This causes the target real-world object tomove to the left off of the screen throughout the video clip at a ratelower than the rate of movement of the target real-world object andparticularly at a rate that is a difference between a rate of movementof the camera and a rate of movement of the target real-world object.Surface aware preview 603 may change the position of the virtual objectto the left at the computed rate as the camera pans to the right untilthe virtual object moves off of the screen together with the targetreal-world object.

The use of such a surface aware preview 603 as part of an overallvirtual rendering can result in presentations that are more dynamicallyconvincing even as one or more object positions or the camera anglechange throughout the video clip. Various operations for adding avirtual object to a video clip and graphics of how such virtual objectpresentations can appear while using a surface aware preview 603 areprovided below by way of example.

FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating a process 720 for rendering avirtual object in a video clip using a surface aware preview 603,according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The process720 may be embodied in computer-readable instructions for execution byone or more processors such that the operations of the process 720 maybe performed in part or in whole by the functional components of theaugmented reality system 124; accordingly, the process 720 is describedbelow by way of example with reference thereto. However, in otherembodiments, it shall be appreciated that at least some of theoperations of the process 720 may be deployed on various other hardwareconfigurations and the process 720 is not intended to be limited to theaugmented reality system 124.

As depicted in operation 702, the augmented reality system 124communicates with the preview generation system 125 to capture, using acamera-enabled device, video content of a real-world scene and movementinformation collected by the camera-enabled device during capture of thevideo content. For example, a user device may instruct previewgeneration system 125 to record a segment of video of a predetermined oruser-selected length. The preview generation system 125 may store thevideo as a video clip and obtain sensor information from the user deviceassociated with each frame of the video clip. For example, as shown inFIG. 10 , a short video clip is captured as illustrated by the sequenceof images 1010 and 1020 illustrating a given real-world object 1012(e.g., a filing cabinet) moving into the screen from image 1010 to image1020 as the camera pans to the right. Sensor information (e.g., agyroscope sensor) may detect that the camera being used to capture thevideo clip containing frames with images 1010 and 1020 is panning to theright to cause the real-world object 1012 to move into the screen fromright to left.

At operation 704, the augmented reality system 124 communicates with thepreview generation system 125 to store the captured video content and,movement information. For example, after the video clip is captured bythe preview generation system 125, the video clip and the sensorinformation are stored and indexed in database 120.

At operation 706, the augmented reality system 124 communicates with thepreview generation system 125 to process the stored captured videocontent to identify a real-world object in the scene. For example, theaugmented reality system 124 processes the frames of the video clip toidentify a set of real-world objects shown in images 1010 and 1020, suchas the floor 1014 and the real-world object 1012. The augmented realitysystem 124 in this embodiment draws boundaries for each identifiedobject. In some embodiments, the augmented reality system 124 performsoperation 706 in response to receiving a user request to modify thevideo clip. For example, a user may press a suitable button (e.g., acreative tools button to reveal a set of stickers) and in response toselection of this button, the captured video is processed to identifythe objects in the video clip and track their positions and movementthroughout the video clip using the sensor information.

At operation 708, the augmented reality system 124 communicates with thepreview generation system 125 to generate an interactive augmentedreality display that adds a virtual object to the stored video contentto create augmented video content comprising the real-world scene andthe virtual object. In one aspect, the augmented reality system 124generates a graphical user interface for presentation to a user whilepreviewing a given video clip. The graphical user interface may enable auser to drag and drop a virtual object onto a frame in the video clipbeing previewed to attach the virtual object to a real-worldthree-dimensional object featured in the video clip. For example, thegraphical user interface may enable a user to drag a given virtualobject and pin or anchor the virtual object to a stationary or movingreal-world object (e.g., a moving person or the ground). The graphicaluser interface, in this way, allows the user to augment the video clipwith one or more virtual objects. The video clip can play from thebeginning featuring the added virtual object throughout the video clipattached to the real-world object.

In one aspect, the augmented reality system 124 provides a graphicaluser interface for receiving user input to add virtual objects toaugment a video clip. The graphical user interface may include a toolbaror pane (which may be partially transparent or may be opaque). Thetoolbar or pane may present, in the graphical user interface, aplurality of virtual objects by way of icons for each virtual object.The user can interact with the toolbar or pane to select a given virtualobject for placement in the video clip. Once placed in the video clip,the graphical user interface allows the user to move the virtual objectaround a given frame to attach the virtual object to a three-dimensionalreal-world object featured in the video clip. The video clip can playfrom the beginning featuring the added virtual object throughout thevideo clip attached to the real-world object. In this way, the graphicaluser interface generates an augmented reality display that includes theselected virtual object attached (anchored or pinned) to a real-worldobject.

For example, a user can use two fingers and drag the virtual object onthe y-axis. This will result in moving the virtual object on the y-plane(vertical) while keeping the depth the same on the z-axis. The user canpress on the virtual object for a threshold period of time to pin thevirtual object to the pixel of the corresponding video frame. Pinningthe virtual object instructs the augmented reality system 124 to trackthe camera frame pixels across video clip frames and provide relativeposition and orientation of the pixels with respect to reference pixelsacross frames, moving and scaling the virtual object as thecorresponding video pixels move and scale. In some embodiments, when theuser presses on the video clip frame for a threshold period of time, thevideo playback is paused and the user can drag the virtual object to anypixel on the paused video frame. When the user releases the pressedfinger, the virtual object is locked to the pixels at the touch positionin the related video footage and the augmented reality system 124 beginsto track the pixels across frames as they move around the screen andupdates the virtual object position to match. Because the augmentedreality system 124 has information about the 3D pose of the virtualobject, the y-axis rotation of the virtual object can change to matchchanges in the real-world scene, making the integration of the virtualobject feel more realistic to the user.

In some examples, the user can tap on any part of the video duringplayback to place the virtual object at the touch target. This makes itfast and easy to place content in different parts of a scene.

For example, while the video clip is being previewed, a user selectionof the creative tools button may be received to modify the video clip.In response to this selection, the preview of the video clip is pausedat the frame at which the selection was received and a set of virtualobject icons (e.g., three-dimensional objects) is presented to the userfor selection of a virtual object. The virtual object icons in someembodiments are presented in an interactive toolbar (e.g., a vertical orhorizontal slider) on one or more edges of the paused frame so that thepaused frame remains in view. In such cases, the user can touch a givenone of the icons and drag the icon into the frame that is in view to addthe corresponding virtual object to the given location in the frame, ormay tap the icon to position the icon in a default location on theframe. Alternatively, in another embodiment the icons are presented in afull screen overlaid on top of the frame, as shown in image 1030, andthe user selects the virtual object to add by tapping on the virtualobject icon. Image 1030 provides an illustrative example of a fullscreen view of a set of virtual object icons being shown to the user forselection to add to the video clip. Each virtual object that isthree-dimensional is indicated in the full screen or toolbars by havinga circular ground shadow 1032 underneath the given virtual object.Virtual objects that are not three-dimensional do not include a groundshadow in the list of icons.

In some implementations, after the user selects a given one of thevirtual objects from the list of icons (e.g., the icons shown in thefull screen approach illustrated in image 1030), the set of virtualobject icons shown in the toolbar or full screen is closed, and theselected virtual object is placed on top of the paused video clip frame.For example, the virtual object 1042 shown in image 1040 has beenattached to the real-world floor 1014 featured in the video clip. Insome implementations, after the user selects a given virtual object fromthe set of icons, the virtual object is added to the first frame of thevideo clip rather than the paused frame. In either case, after the useradds the virtual object to the video clip, the video clip automaticallyrewinds at a predetermined rate (e.g., 2× rewind) to the beginning ofthe video clip and automatically starts playing again repeatedly fromstart to finish featuring the added virtual object.

In some implementations, if the user taps on the virtual object 1042after the virtual object has been added, the virtual object 1042 isremoved or deleted from the video clip. Alternatively, the user canremove the virtual object 1042 from the video clip by touching andholding the virtual object for a threshold time period and then draggingthe virtual object 1042 to a trash can icon displayed on the screen.

In some circumstances, the video clip may already include a virtualobject before the user selected a new virtual object to add. In suchcases, the previously added virtual object is replaced with the mostrecently selected virtual object. The most recently selected virtualobject may retain all the properties of the previously added virtualobject (e.g., position, image scale, size, etc.). The most recentlyselected virtual object may automatically be attached to the samereal-world object to which the previous virtual object was attached.Alternatively, the most recently selected virtual object may be added tothe video clip that already contains the virtual object. In suchcircumstances, the video clip is played back with multiple virtualobjects being presented.

After the virtual object is added to a video clip, the virtual objectcan be modified or manipulated in various ways in 3DoF or 6DoF. Examplesof how virtual objects can be manipulated are discussed incommonly-owned, commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/581,994, filed Apr. 28, 2017, entitled “AUGMENTED REALITY OBJECTMANIPULATION”, which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. In some embodiments, after the virtual object is added to thevideo clip, the augmented reality system 124 detects a first user inputthat touches the virtual object (e.g., a user's finger touches an areaof the screen where the virtual object is shown). In particular, in someembodiments, the augmented reality system 124 draws a boundary aroundthe virtual object and detects the first user input that touches an areawithin the boundary of the virtual object. The augmented reality system124 further detects receipt of a second user input that drags thevirtual object within a threshold period of time (e.g., 0.5 seconds) ofthe first user input (e.g., the user holds their finger on the screenand slides their finger in a direction of interest to drag the virtualobject). If the second user input is not received within the thresholdperiod of time, the placement of the virtual object remains as it wasbefore receiving the first user input and the video clip resumesplayback. In response to detecting receipt of the second user inputwithin the threshold period of time of the first user input, augmentedreality system 124 pauses the video clip playback and adds a circularground grid underneath the virtual object to indicate that the state ofthe virtual object has been changed. In particular, the circular groundgrid indicates to a user a mode change from the virtual object beingattached to the real-world object to becoming manipulable. Image 1111 inFIG. 11 illustrates a ground grid 1112 indicating such a mode change. Inparticular, in this mode, the augmented reality system 124 calculatesthe z-axis position of the virtual object and projects the position onthe ground surface in the form of ground grid 1112 indicating thevirtual object is moveable.

The augmented reality system 124 may manipulate the virtual object inthree-dimensional space based on inputs described in Table 1 below aslong as the user's finger remains on top of the virtual object location.To manipulate the virtual object in three-dimensional space, the virtualobject's z-axis position may be determined by the assumed ground planeat the frame of placement or the ground plane of the target object, asindicated by the ground grid 1112.

A B C D 1 X Axis Y Axis Z Axis 2 Position/ Single finger Two fingertouch Single finger touch Translation touch object object and dragobject and drag and drag on Y axis forward/backward left/right (touchmoving on Y axis) 3 Rotation N/A N/A Two finger rotation turningclockwise or counter-clockwise 4 Scale Pinch-in/pinch-out will uniformlyscale 3D object, with affordance to indicate Max and Min scale

In some cases, the virtual object may occupy a majority of the screen.In such cases, the augmented reality system 124 receives a user inputthat taps the virtual object, and in response, the augmented realitysystem 124 places the virtual object further back on the z-axis (e.g.,into the screen) making it easier to select and manipulate the virtualobject.

By default, a virtual object is attached to the target real-world objectoverlapped by the virtual object that is added to the screen. To pin thevirtual object to a different real-world object, the augmented realitysystem 124 receives a single user input that presses and holds thevirtual object for at least the threshold period of time (e.g., 0.5seconds), In response, the augmented reality system 124 scales up thevirtual object to indicate the change in state (e.g., the virtual objectis popped) and enables the user to manipulate the virtual object intwo-dimensional space to attach the virtual object to a differentreal-world object featured in the scene. In particular, by popping up orscaling up the virtual object, the augmented reality system 124indicates a mode change to the user in which the virtual object becomesmanipulable in two-dimensional space. This is in contrast to the modechange indicated by the circular ground grid 1112 which indicates thatthe virtual object becomes manipulable in three-dimensional spacerelative to a real-world object or ground plane.

The manner of manipulating the virtual object in two-dimensional spacemay be performed in accordance with the inputs defined by Table 2 below.In response to detecting that the user's finger has been lifted orreleased from the virtual object and is no longer touching the virtualobject, the augmented reality system 124 attaches (e.g., pins) thevirtual object to the new real-world object overlapped by the newlocation on the screen of the virtual object. The augmented realitysystem 124 communicates with the preview generation system 125 to rewindthe video clip (e.g., at a rate of −2.0) to the beginning to show thevideo clip with the virtual object in the new position attached to thenew real-world object,

A B C D 1 X Axis Y Axis Z Axis 2 Position/ Single finger touch Singlefinger touch N/A Translation object and drag object and drag left/rightup/down 3 Rotation N/A N/A N/A 4 Scale Pinch-in/pinch-out will uniformlyscale object, with affordance to indicate Max and Min scale

After the virtual object is added to the video clip, visual attributesof the virtual object can be adjusted. For example, the augmentedreality system 124 can add geofilters, stickers, captions, and paint tothe virtual object. In particular, augmented reality system 124 mayreceive a user input that swipes left/right across a portion of thescreen without intersecting a virtual object. For example, the virtualobject may be positioned at the bottom of the screen and the user mayswipe across the top of the screen. In response, a list of availablegeofilters is presented for the user to select and the augmented realitysystem 124 modifies the video clip based on the selected geofilter. Ifthe user input swipes left/right intersecting a virtual object, thevirtual object is selected and the geofilters are not presented. In someimplementations, one or more two-dimensional stickers, images, orcaptions or paint may be presented in the video clip. If the user taps agiven two-dimensional sticker, image, or caption or paint withouttouching the virtual object, the two-dimensional sticker, image, orcaption or paint can be changed or placed in the video clip; otherwise,if the user taps a region overlapping the virtual object, the virtualobject is selected for manipulation. Selection of a sticker, image, orcaption or paint causes the augmented reality system 124 to place thesticker, image, or caption or paint on top of the virtual object bydefault. The user can tap the stickers, images, or captions or paintregion in the video clip to manipulate the stickers, images, or captionsor paint.

At operation 710, the augmented reality system 124 communicates with thepreview generation system 125 for the generated interactive augmentedreality display to adjust, during playback of the augmented videocontent, an on-screen position of the virtual object within theaugmented video content based at least in part on the stored movementinformation. For example, the augmented reality system 124 determinesthat the target real-world object moves off of the screen in the videoclip such that its position moves from right to left off the screen asthe camera pans to the right. The augmented reality system 124determines the rate at which the target real-world object positionchanges and similarly adjusts the position of the virtual object tomatch the rate and position change of the real-world object. Thesequence of images 1040 and 1050 illustrate the added virtual objectposition changing in the screen as the video clip plays. In particular,the virtual object 1042 moves from the center of the screen to the leftof the screen and slightly off of the screen together with the targetreal-world floor 1014 to which the virtual object 1042 is anchored.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the augmented realitysystem 124 in performing a process 800 for rendering a virtual object ina video clip, according to certain example embodiments. The process 800may be embodied in computer-readable instructions for execution by oneor more processors such that the operations of the process 800 may beperformed in part or in whole by the functional components of theaugmented reality system 124; accordingly, the process 800 is describedbelow by way of example with reference thereto. However, it shall beappreciated that at least some of the operations of the process 800 maybe deployed on various other hardware configurations, and the process800 is not intended to be limited to the augmented reality system 124.

At operation 802, an input is received to active a surface-awarepreview. For example, preview generation system 125 may receive a userinput that generates a preview of a video clip and that selects an iconfor modifying the video clip. This activates the augmented realitysystem 124 and instructs the augmented reality system 124 to process thereal-world objects in the video clip and sensor information associatedwith the video clip to track positions of the real-world objects.

At operation 804, a real-world reference surface is detected in thecaptured video preview. For example, in the illustrative video clipshown in FIG. 11 , the augmented reality system 124 processes an imageor frame 1110 of the video clip to detect a number of real-worldobjects. One such real-world object can be a person 1113 featured in thereal-world scene. Boundaries may be drawn around the real-world object.

At operation 806, the virtual object is oriented based on the real-worldreference surface. For example, the augmented reality system 124 allowsa user to position a virtual object 1114 in the video clip. Theaugmented reality system 124 allows the user to manipulate the virtualobject to position the virtual object over the person 1113. Theaugmented reality system 124, in one embodiment, presents an image 1111showing a ground grid 1112 indicating a mode change associated with thevirtual object. Specifically, ground grid 1112 indicates to a user thatthe virtual object can be manipulated. The augmented reality system 124receives inputs from the user manipulating the virtual object 1114 inthree-dimensional space relative to the person 1113 or intwo-dimensional space on the screen. In one implementation, theaugmented reality system 124 may receive user input that pins thevirtual object 1114 to the person 1113.

At operation 808, the virtual object is rendered with respect to thereal-world reference surface. For example, as shown in the sequence ofimages 1120 and 1130, the virtual object 1114 pinned to the person 1113moves toward the right of the screen as the person 1113 moves towardsthe right of the screen.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the augmented realitysystem 124 in performing a process 900 for tracking an object at aposition relative to a target real-world object in a video clip,according to certain example embodiments. The process 900 may beembodied in computer-readable instructions for execution by one or moreprocessors such that the operations of the process 900 may be performedin part or in whole by the functional components of the augmentedreality system 124; accordingly, the process 900 is described below byway of example with reference thereto. However, it shall be appreciatedthat at least some of the operations of the process 900 may be deployedon various other hardware configurations and the process 900 is notintended to be limited to the augmented reality system 124.

At operation 902, the rendering module 602 renders a virtual object at aposition relative to a target real-world object in a three-dimensionalspace. The virtual object may include interactive content generated bythe user based on user-provided parameters.

At operation 904, the tracking module 604 tracks the virtual object in6DoF at the position in the three-dimensional space of the targetreal-world object via the first tracking sub-system 604A, or acombination of multiple tracking sub-systems (e.g., the first trackingsub-system 604A and the second tracking sub-system 604B), based on a setof tracking indicia stored for the video clip obtained while the videoclip was being captured. When tracking the virtual object in 6DoF, auser viewing the object on the client device 102 can turn or move in anydirection without disrupting the tracking of the object. For example,the tracking module 604 may track the position of the virtual objectbased on a combination of an NET system and a gyroscopic trackingsystem.

At operation 906, the disruption detection module 606 detects aninterruption of a tracking indicia from among the tracking indiciatracked by the tracking sub-systems (e.g., the first tracking sub-system604A). For example, the first tracking sub-system 604A may include a NFTsystem configured to rely on tracking indicia that include features ofan environment or active light sources in proximity to annotated virtualobjects within the environment (e.g., the ground's plane, or thehorizon). The NET system of the first tracking sub-system 604A maytherefore rely on the positions of three or more known features in theenvironment to determine the position of the virtual object relative tothe target real-world object in the three-dimensional space. Should anyone or more of the tracking indicia tracked by the first trackingsub-system 604A become obstructed or unavailable, the tracking of thevirtual object in the three-dimensional space would become disrupted.

At operation 908, in response to the disruption detection module 606detecting a disruption of one or more tracking indicia, the trackingmodule 604 transitions to one or more other tracking sub-systems (e.g.,the second tracking sub-system 604B and/or the third tracking sub-system604C) to maintain tracking of the virtual object relative to the targetreal-world object in the three-dimensional space. In particular,tracking module 604 obtains, from storage, sensor information of adifferent type associated with the video clip. In doing so, theaugmented reality system 124 may transition from 6DoF to 3DoF, wherein3DoF measures pitch, roll, and yaw, but does not measure translations.As the tracking indicia again become available, the augmented realitysystem 124 may thereby transition from 3DoF back to 6DoF. For example,when the NET system becomes unavailable, the tracking module 604 mayutilize the last tracking indicia gathered and tracked by the NFT systemthroughout the subsequent 3DoF experience.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example software architecture1206, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described. FIG. 12 is a non-limiting example of asoftware architecture and it will be appreciated that many otherarchitectures may be implemented to facilitate the functionalitydescribed herein. The software architecture 1206 may execute on hardwaresuch as machine 1300 of FIG. 13 that includes, among other things,processors 1304, memory 1314, and input/output (I/O) components 1318. Arepresentative hardware layer 1252 is illustrated and can represent, forexample, the machine 1300 of FIG. 13 . The representative hardware layer1252 includes a processing unit 1254 having associated executableinstructions 1204. Executable instructions 1204 represent the executableinstructions of the software architecture 1206, including implementationof the methods, components, and so forth described herein. The hardwarelayer 1252 also includes memory and/or storage modules memory/storage1256, which also have executable instructions 1204. The hardware layer1252 may also comprise other hardware 1258.

In the example architecture of FIG. 12 , the software architecture 1206may be conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer providesparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 1206may include layers such as an operating system 1202, libraries 1220,applications 1216, frameworks/middleware 1218, and a presentation layer1214, Operationally, the applications 1216 and/or other componentswithin the layers may invoke. APT calls 1208 through the software stackand receive messages 1212 in response to the APT calls 1208. The layersillustrated are representative in nature and not all softwarearchitectures have all layers. For example, some mobile or specialpurpose operating systems may not provide a frameworks/middleware 1218,while others may provide such a layer. Other software architectures mayinclude additional or different layers.

The operating system 1202 may manage hardware resources and providecommon services. The operating system 1202 may include, for example, akernel 1222, services 1224, and drivers 1226. The kernel 1222 may act asan abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 1222 may be responsible for memory management,processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management,networking, security settings, and so on. The services 1224 may provideother common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1226are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlyinghardware. For instance, the drivers 1226 include display drivers, cameradrivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communicationdrivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers,audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on thehardware configuration.

The libraries 1220 provide a common infrastructure that is used by theapplications 1216 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries1220 provide functionality that allows other software components toperform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with theunderlying operating system 1202 functionality (e.g., kernel 1222,services 1224 and/or drivers 1226). The libraries 1220 may includesystem libraries 1244 (e.g., C standard library) that may providefunctions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulationfunctions, mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, thelibraries 1220 may include API libraries 1246 such as media libraries(e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of variousmedia format such as MPREG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphicslibraries (e.g., an OpenGL, framework that may be used to rendertwo-dimensional and three-dimensional in a graphic content on adisplay), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may provide variousrelational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that mayprovide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1220may also include a wide variety of other libraries 1248 to provide manyother APIs to the applications 1216 and other softwarecomponents/modules.

The frameworks/middleware 1218 (also sometimes referred to asmiddleware) provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may beused by the applications 1216 and/or other software components/modules.For example, the frameworks/middleware 1218 may provide various graphicuser interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management,high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware1218 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized bythe applications 1216 and/or other software components/modules, some ofwhich may be specific to a particular operating system 1202 or platform.

The applications 1216 include built-in applications 1238 and/orthird-party applications 1240. Examples of representative built-inapplications 1238 may include, but are not limited to, a contactsapplication, a browser application, a book reader application, alocation application, a media application, a messaging application,and/or a game application. Third-party applications 1240 may include anapplication developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS® software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform,and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asIOS™. ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. Thethird-party applications 1240 may invoke the API calls 1208 provided bythe mobile operating system (such as operating system 1202) tofacilitate functionality described herein.

The applications 1216 may use built-in operating system functions (e.g.,kernel 1222, services 1224, and/or drivers 1226), libraries 1220, andframeworks/middleware 1218 to create user interfaces to interact withusers of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systemsinteractions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such aspresentation layer 1214. In these systems, the application/component“logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/componentthat interact with a user.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 1300,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Specifically, FIG. 13 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine1300 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions1310 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, orother executable code) for causing the machine 1300 to perform any oneor more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such,the instructions 1310 may be used to implement modules or componentsdescribed herein. The instructions 1310 transform the general,non-programmed machine 1300 into a particular machine 1300 programmed tocarry out the described and illustrated functions in the mannerdescribed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 1300 operates as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 1300 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 1300 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (SIB), apersonal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, acellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance),other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a networkswitch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing theinstructions 1310, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to betaken by machine 1300. Further, while only a single machine 1300 isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include acollection of machines that individually or jointly execute theinstructions 1310 to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

The machine 1300 may include processors 1304, memory memory/storage1306, and I/O components 1318, which may be configured to communicatewith each other such as via a bus 1302. In an example embodiment, theprocessors 1304 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reducedinstruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction setcomputing (CNC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor,or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, aprocessor 1308 and a processor 1312 that may execute the instructions1310. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors1304 that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimesreferred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.Although FIG. 13 shows multiple processors 1304, the machine 1300 mayinclude a single processor with a single core, a single processor withmultiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors witha single core, multiple processors with multiple cores, or anycombination thereof.

The memory/storage 1306 may include a memory 1314, such as a mainmemory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit 1316, bothaccessible to the processors 1304 such as via the bus 1302. The storageunit 1316 and memory 1314 store the instructions 1310 embodying any oneor more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions 1310 may also reside, completely or partially, within thememory 1314, within the storage unit 1316, within at least one of theprocessors 1304 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or anysuitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine1300. Accordingly, the memory 1314, the storage unit 1316, and thememory of processors 1304 are examples of machine-readable media.

The I/O components 1318 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 1318 that are included in a particular machine 1300 willdepend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such asmobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other suchinput mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely notinclude such a touch input device, it will be appreciated that the I/Ocomponents 1318 may include many other components that are not shown inFIG. 13 . The I/O components 1318 are grouped according to functionalitymerely for simplifying the following discussion and the grouping is inno way limiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components 1318may include output components 1326 and input components 1328. The outputcomponents 1326 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as aplasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, aliquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)),acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., avibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and soforth. The input components 1328 may include alphanumeric inputcomponents (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointinginstrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures,or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 1318 may includebiometric components 1330, motion components 1334, environmentalcomponents 1336, or position components 1338 among a wide array of othercomponents. For example, the biometric components 1330 may includecomponents to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facialexpressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measurebiosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature,perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voiceidentification, retinal identification, facial identification,fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram basedidentification), and the like. The motion components 1334 may includeacceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensorcomponents, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.The environment components 1336 may include, for example, illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment. The position components 1338 mayinclude location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component),altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detectair pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensorcomponents (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 1318 may include communication components 1340operable to couple the machine 1300 to a network 1332 or devices 1320via coupling 1324 and coupling 1322, respectively. For example, thecommunication components 1340 may include a network interface componentor other suitable device to interface with the network 1332. In furtherexamples, communication components 1340 may include wired communicationcomponents, wireless communication components, cellular communicationcomponents, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth®components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and othercommunication components to provide communication via other modalities.The devices 1320 may be another machine or any of a wide variety ofperipheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 1340 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 1340 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components1340, such as, location via Internet Protocol (JP) geo-location,location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NECbeacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

Glossary

“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals orother intangible medium to facilitate communication of suchinstructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over thenetwork using a transmission medium via a network interface device andusing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols.

“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces toa communications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, PDAs, smartphones, tablets, ultra books, netbooks, laptops, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, gameconsoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a usermay use to access a network.

“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portionsof a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, extranet, avirtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wirelessLAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a \wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of theInternet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), aplain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephonenetwork, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network,or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network ora portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network andthe coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, aGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other typeof cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling mayimplement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such asSingle Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-DataOptimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology,third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourthgeneration wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile TelecommunicationsSystem (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwideinteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE)standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations,other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

“EPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that isaccessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be atext, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeralmessage may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access timemay be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient.Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.

“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, device,or other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarilyor permanently and may include, but is not limited to, random-accessmemory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory,optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage(e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and/or anysuitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” shouldbe taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers)able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shaltalso be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media,that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by amachine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or moreof the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readablemedium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as“cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiplestorage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium”excludes signals per se.

“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, physical entity, orlogic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branchpoints, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning ormodularization of particular processing or control functions, Componentsmay be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry outa machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardwareunit designed for use with other components and a part of a program thatusually performs a particular function of related functions. Componentsmay constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on amachine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component”is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or agroup of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an applicationor application portion) as a hardware component that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically,electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardwarecomponent may be a special-purpose processor, such as aField-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specificintegrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also includeprogrammable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured bysoftware to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwarecomponent may include software executed by a general-purpose processoror other programmable processor. Once configured by such software,hardware components become specific machines (or specific components ofa machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and areno longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that thedecision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or“hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass atangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed,permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured(e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certainoperations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardwarecomponents are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any oneinstance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises ageneral-purpose processor configured by software to become aspecial-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware components) at different times. Softwareaccordingly configures a particular processor or processors, forexample, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instanceof time and to constitute a different hardware component at a differentinstance of time.

Hardware components can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardwarecomponents may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Wheremultiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications maybe achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. Inembodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured orinstantiated at different times, communications between such hardwarecomponents may be achieved, for example, through the storage andretrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware components have access. For example, one hardware component mayperform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memorydevice to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardwarecomponent may then, at a later time, access the memory device toretrieve and process the stored output.

Hardware components may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation). The various operations of example methods described hereinmay be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implementedcomponents that operate to perform one or more operations or functionsdescribed herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component”refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors.Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processorsmay also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance ofcertain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines. In some example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be located in a single geographiclocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or aserver farm). In other example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be distributed across a number ofgeographic locations.

“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (aphysical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor)that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g.,“commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, etc) and which producescorresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. Aprocessor may, for example, be a. Central Processing Unit (CPU), aReduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a ComplexInstruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit(GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-FrequencyIntegrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor mayfurther be a multi-core processor having two or more independentprocessors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may executeinstructions contemporaneously.

“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters orencoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, forexample giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a smallfraction of a second.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: capturing, during a time period defined by a start and end points of a recording session, using a camera-enabled device, video content of a real-world scene; storing the video content captured during the time period; at a second time point that is after the time period during which the video content is captured: playing back the video content; during playback of the video content, detecting input that presses on an individual frame of the video content being played back for a threshold period of time, the individual frame corresponding to a paused play position; in response to detecting the input that presses on the individual frame of the video content for a threshold period of time, pausing playback of the video content; while the video content is paused on the individual frame, receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object; and adding the virtual object to a first frame of the video content that has been captured instead of the individual frame of the video content corresponding to the paused play position to create augmented video content comprising the real-world scene and the virtual object; temporarily increasing a size of the virtual object in response to receiving a first type of input that presses and holds the virtual object to enable manipulation of the virtual object in two-dimensional (2D) space; modifying 2D placement of the virtual object within a portion of the video content based on one or more inputs; and modifying an appearance of the virtual object in response to receiving a second type of input to enable manipulation of the virtual object in three-dimensional space.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: capturing movement information collected by the camera-enabled device during capture of the video content; storing the movement information comprising a plurality of inertial measurement unit (IMU) frames associated with respective timestamps; processing the stored captured video content to identify a real-world object in the scene; after the video content is captured, in response to receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object: retrieving the plurality of IMU frames associated with the stored captured video content; and matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content by correlating the timestamps of one or more of the plurality of IMU frames with a timestamp of a frame of the stored captured video content; generating an interactive augmented reality display; and adjusting, during playback of the augmented video content, an on-screen position of the virtual object within the augmented video content based at least in part on matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that the camera-enabled device is associated with a first classification of a plurality of classifications; and in response to determining that camera-enabled device is associated with the first classification, storing a first set of IMU information, wherein a second set of IMU information is stored for devices associated with a second classification of the plurality of classifications, wherein motion information represented by the second set of IMU information is of a different type and quality than motion information represented by the first set of IMU information, the first set of IMU information comprising preprocessed device motion data and the second set of IMU information comprising raw IMU data.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second set of IMU information comprise an orientation matrix of the camera-enabled device, raw accelerometer information for the camera-enabled device, and gyroscope information for the camera-enabled device, and wherein: the virtual object comprises a virtual three-dimensional object; and adding the virtual object comprises attaching the virtual three-dimensional object to the real-world object.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein adding the virtual object comprises: determining that a position of the camera-enabled device has moved during capture of the video content resulting in the real-world object being moved from a first position to a second position on a screen during playback of the video content; and maintaining the position of the virtual three-dimensional object in fixed association with a position of the real-world object by moving the position of the virtual three-dimensional object from a third position to a fourth position on the screen as the real-world object moves from the first position to the second position during playback.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein adding the virtual object comprises: determining, based on an image analysis of the video content, that a real-world position of the real-world object has moved during capture of the video from a first position to a second position while the camera remained in a fixed position; and maintaining the position of the virtual three-dimensional object in fixed association with a position of the real-world object by moving the position of the virtual three-dimensional object on a screen from a third position to a fourth position as the real-world object moves from the first position to the second position during playback.
 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising: displaying a plurality of icons representing virtual objects while the video content plays; receiving a user selection of the virtual object from the plurality of icons while the video content plays; in response to receiving the user selection: pausing the stored video content at a given frame; and performing the adding of the virtual object to the given frame.
 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising resuming playback of the augmented video content in response to determining that further user input has not been received after selection of the virtual object after a given time interval.
 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining that the virtual object overlaps boundaries of first and second real-world objects depicted in the video content; computing an overlap amount of each boundary of the first and second real-world objects that the virtual object overlaps; determining that the overlap amount of the second real-world object exceeds the overlap amount of the first real-world object; and in response to determining that the overlap amount of the second real-world object exceeds the overlap amount of the first real-world object, selecting the second real-world object as a target real-world object to track.
 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising: attaching the virtual object to the target real-world object in response to receiving a user input that presses and holds the virtual object on a given frame for a threshold amount of time; and attaching the virtual object to a second real-world object in response to: receiving a first user input that touches the virtual object; and receiving, within the threshold amount of time, a second user input that drags the virtual object to a position of the second real-world object.
 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising presenting a grid underneath the virtual object in response to receiving the second user input.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein adding the virtual object to the real-world scene in the stored captured video content comprises presenting a plurality of icons each having a circular ground shadow positioned relative to the respective icon and receiving a user selection of one of the icons.
 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising replacing the virtual object with another virtual object in response to receiving a user selection of the another virtual object, wherein the another virtual object retains properties of the virtual object that is replaced and is attached to a same real-world object to which the virtual object that is replaced was attached.
 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising modifying a visual attribute of the virtual object after the virtual object is added to the real-world scene.
 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically rewinding the augmented video content at a predetermined rate to a beginning of the augmented video content after adding the virtual object to the stored captured video content that has been paused.
 16. A system comprising: a processor configured to perform operations comprising: capturing, during a time period defined by a start and end points of a recording session, using a camera-enabled device, video content of a real-world scene; storing the video content captured during the time period; at a second time point that is after the time period during which the video content is captured: playing back the video content; during playback of the video content, detecting input that presses on an individual frame of the video content being played back for a threshold period of time, the individual frame corresponding to a paused play position; in response to detecting the input that presses on the individual frame of the video content for a threshold period of time, pausing playback of the video content; while the video content is paused on the individual frame, receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object; and adding the virtual object to a first frame of the video content that has been captured instead of the individual frame of the video content corresponding to the paused play position to create augmented video content comprising the real-world scene and the virtual object; temporarily increasing a size of the virtual object in response to receiving a first type of input that presses and holds the virtual object to enable manipulation of the virtual object in two-dimensional (2D) space; modifying 2D placement of the virtual object within a portion of the video content based on one or more inputs; and modifying an appearance of the virtual object in response to receiving a second type of input to enable manipulation of the virtual object in three-dimensional space.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to perform operations comprising: capturing movement information collected by the camera-enabled device during capture of the video content; storing the movement information comprising a plurality of inertial measurement unit (IMU) frames associated with respective timestamps; processing the stored captured video content to identify a real-world object in the scene; after the video content is captured, in response to receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object: retrieving the plurality of IMU frames associated with the stored captured video content; and matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content by correlating the timestamps of one or more of the plurality of IMU frames with a timestamp of a frame of the stored captured video content; generating an interactive augmented reality display; and adjusting, during playback of the augmented video content, an on-screen position of the virtual object within the augmented video content based at least in part on matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content.
 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to perform operations comprising: determining that the virtual object overlaps boundaries of first and second real-world objects depicted in the video content; computing an overlap amount of each boundary of the first and second real-world objects that the virtual object overlaps; determining that the overlap amount of the second real-world object exceeds the overlap amount of the first real-world object; and in response to determining that the overlap amount of the second real-world object exceeds the overlap amount of the first real-world object, selecting the second real-world object as a target real-world object to track.
 19. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including an augmented reality system that includes instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: capturing, during a time period defined by a start and end points of a recording session, using a camera-enabled device, video content of a real-world scene; storing the video content captured during the time period; at a second time point that is after the time period during which the video content is captured: playing back the video content; during playback of the video content, detecting input that presses on an individual frame of the video content being played back for a threshold period of time, the individual frame corresponding to a paused play position; in response to detecting the input that presses on the individual frame of the video content for a threshold period of time, pausing playback of the video content; while the video content is paused on the individual frame, receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object; and adding the virtual object to a first frame of the video content that has been captured instead of the individual frame of the video content corresponding to the paused play position to create augmented video content comprising the real-world scene and the virtual object; temporarily increasing a size of the virtual object in response to receiving a first type of input that presses and holds the virtual object to enable manipulation of the virtual object in two-dimensional (2D) space; modifying 2D placement of the virtual object within a portion of the video content based on one or more inputs; and modifying an appearance of the virtual object in response to receiving a second type of input to enable manipulation of the virtual object in three-dimensional space.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise: capturing movement information collected by the camera-enabled device during capture of the video content; storing the movement information comprising a plurality of inertial measurement unit (IMU) frames associated with respective timestamps; processing the stored captured video content to identify a real-world object in the scene; after the video content is captured, in response to receiving a request to augment the stored captured video content with a virtual object: retrieving the plurality of IMU frames associated with the stored captured video content; and matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content by correlating the timestamps of one or more of the plurality of IMU frames with a timestamp of a frame of the stored captured video content; generating an interactive augmented reality display; and adjusting, during playback of the augmented video content, an on-screen position of the virtual object within the augmented video content based at least in part on matching the plurality of IMU frames with the stored captured video content. 